Wednesday 27 May 2009
Tuesday 3 March 2009
The Parliment Oak
The stars look youthful, thou being by;
Youthful the sun's glad-heartedness;
Witlessof time the unageing sky!"
William Watson.
WELL may it be said of these old oaks, "You seem as 'twere immortal, and we mortal," for still, on the return of summer, does this tree, one of the most ancient in the forest, give signs of vigorous life;1 although, since it was in its prime, every other tree and shrub, all neighbouring life has "gone, like the hour that can return no more."
It has been stated, with some probability of truth, that King John, while hunting in the forest, was informed by a messenger of a revolt of the Welsh, and of an insurrection in the north of England; that he hastily summoned a parliament to meet under this tree, and that it owes its name to that incident. Another account connects it with Edward I., who, when on his way to Scotland, in 1290, summoned a parliament to meet at Clipston. The proceedings opened on St. Michael's Day, but there is no authority for stating that any ceremonial assembly took place here, although the name may have been given to the oak in consequence of some informal meeting under its branches.
Standing on high ground, as it does, on the borders of Derbyshire, the prospect from the Parliament Oak is more varied and extensive than is generally found in Nottinghamshire. On one side it is bounded by the hills near Bolsover Castle and Welbeck, while in the valley beneath may be seen the red roofs and the church of the ancient village of Warsop. Looking towards the south-east from near this tree, in former times would be noticed "The Kings' House" at Clipston, with the vivarium, so often named in the royal accounts. Beyond, in the same direction, are the woods of Rufford Abbey, and in the east the spire of Edwinstowe Church rises gracefully from among the old oaks.
The boundary of Clipston Park was formerly at this tree, which stood in the park fence, but in the time of Edward III. an attempt appears to have been made to extend its limit considerably further in the direction of Warsop, for in that reign, John de Warsop, who was lord of the manor, presented a petition to the King and Council, complaining of an inclosure within the park of his wood of Warsop, to his great disinheritance and the impoverishment of his tenants, who ought to have commonage there.2
During the Civil War, in October, 1645, the King's forces lay between Welbeck and Blyth, and had their rendezvous at Warsop. In a letter, Sir John Cell writes: "On Saturday last a party of the Yorkshire horse fell upon some of the King's in Warsopp, and took some prisoners and horse, but the certain number I yet know not. . . . The King himself continues still about Newark, and makes a show of taking up his winter quarters there. He hath appointed the country people to come into Newark this day to be healed of the King's evil, and either he will remove just against that time, as formerly he did, or else he will make a long stay in these parts. ... At this instant I have intelligence that most of the King's horse are gone to Tuxford in the Clay."
Major Rooke, the antiquary, who resided in a picturesque house on the way to Mansfield from this place, more than a hundred years ago gave to the Society of Antiquaries an account of several Roman Camps which had been discovered in this locality. He also brought to light the remains of two extensive Roman Villas, about half a mile from Mansfield-Woodhouse. The buildings had been erected near to each other, and, he believed, occupied by some Roman officer of distinction. The smaller dwelling he names the "villa rustica," or farmhouse, belonging to the large "villa urbana." There were indications found that this site had been selected for the enjoyment of the pleasures of the chase.
Major Rooke relates that Mr. Wylde, of Nettleworth, who died in 1780, at the age of eighty-two, well remembered one continuous wood between Mansfield and Nottingham
"On Thursday, 11th February, 1646-7, on the road between Mansfield and Nottingham, . . . the General of the Parliamentary army, Sir Thomas Fairfax, went and met the King," Charles I., "who stopped his horse; Sir Thomas alighted, and kissed the King's hand ; and afterwards mounted, and discoursed with the King as they passed towards Nottingham."3
In Groves's History of Mansfield, it is stated that from Major Rooke's house "Thoroton Gould eloped with the daughter of the last Earl of Sussex, and, riding over the border, was married to her by the blacksmith of Gretna Green. The lady succeeded to the title of Baroness Grey de Ruthyn on the death of her father." Their son was the Lord Grey de Ruthyn named in Moore's Life of Byron as being tenant of Newstead during Lord Byron's minority, and their descendants are found in the most eminent families of the kingdom, among others may be named the late Duchess of Norfolk. The Goulds were people of some note, whose house in Mansfield-Woodhouse may still be recognised by the monogram of the family entwined into the ironwork of the entrance gates. Edward Thoroton Gould, who married this lady, was an officer in the 4th Regiment of Foot, which early in 1775 was stationed in the American Colonies. He was wounded and taken prisoner in an attack upon the bridge at Concord, near Lexington, one of the first actions during the American War of Independence.
Another account states that the elopement took place from an inn at Barnet, but as Major Rooke and the Goulds were near neighbours, there seems some probability that Sherwood Forest may have been the scene of this romantic episode.
1 In 1896 the Parliament Oak bore a large crop of acorns.
2 Stapleton's History of Kings' Clipston.
3 Carlyle's Letters of Oliver Cromwell.
Saturday 21 February 2009
Why did Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) marry many wives??
- When people hear that the prophet had many wives they conclude without much thought that the prophet was a sensuous man. However, a quick historical review of his marriages, proves otherwise. When he was twenty-five years old he married for the first time. His wife, Khadijah, was fifteen years older than him. She remained the only wife of the prophet for the next twenty-five years, until she died (may Allah be pleased with her).
- Only after her death, did the prophet marry other women. Now, it is obvious that if the prophet was after physical pleasure he did not have to wait until he was more than fifty years old to start marrying more wives. He lived in a society in which it was quite acceptable to have many wives. But the prophet remained devoted to his only wife for twenty-five years. When she died she was sixty-five years old.
- His later marriages were for various reasons. Some marriages were with the view to help the women whose husbands had been killed while they were defending their faith. Others were with a view to cement relationships with devoted followers like Abu Bakr, may Allah be pleased with him. Yet others were to build bridges with various tribes who were otherwise at war with the Muslims. When the prophet became their relative through marriage, their hostilities calmed down, and much bloodshed was averted. Recent non-Muslim writers who had the opportunity to study the life of the prophet first-hand reach a similar conclusion about his plural marriages.
- John L. Esposito, Professor of Religion and Director of the Centre for International Studies at the College of the Holy Cross, says that most of these marriages had “political and social motives” (Islam: The Straight Path, Oxford University Press, 1988, p. 19). This he explained as follows: “As was customary for Arab chiefs, many were political marriages to cement alliances. Others were marriages to the widows of his companions who had fallen in combat and were in need of protection” (John L. Esposito, Islam: The Straight Path, pp. 19-20). Esposito reminds us of the following historical fact: “Though less common, polygyny was also permitted in biblical and even in postbiblical Judaism. From Abraham, David, and Solomon down to the reformation period, polygyny was practiced” (p. 19).
- Another non-Muslim Caesar E. Farah writes as follows: “In the prime of his youth and adult years Muhammad remained thoroughly devoted to Khadijah and would have none other for consort. This was an age that looked upon plural marriages with favor and in a society that in pre-Biblical and post-Biblical days considered polygamy an essential feature of social existence. David had six wives and numerous concubines (2 Samuel 5:13; 1 Chronicles 3:1-9, 14:3) and Solomon was said to have had as many as 700 wives and 300 concubines (1 Kings 11:3). Solomon’s son Rehoboam had 18 wives and 60 concubines (2 Chronicles 11:21). The New Testament contains no specific injunction against plural marriages. It was commonplace for the nobility among the Christians and Jews to contract plural marriages. Luther spoke of it with toleration” (Caesar E. Farah, Islam: Beliefs and Observances, 4th edition, Barron’s, U.S. 1987, p. 69). Caesar Farah then concluded that Muhammad’s plural marriages were due “partly to political reasons and partly to his concern for the wives of his companions who had fallen in battle defending the nascent Islamic community” (p. 69).
1. KHADIJAH : She was 40 years old when she proposed to marry the Prophet when he was 25 years old. After 15years of their marriage he became a prophet. She had been married twice before she married Prophet Muhammad (pbuh). Her first husband was Aby Haleh Al Tamemy and her second husband was Oteaq Almakzomy. They had both died leaving Khadijah a widower. Khadijah died in 621A.D. This was the same year the Prophet ascended into heaven (Meraj).
2. SAWDA BINT ZAM’A: Her first husband was Al Sakran Ibn Omro Ibn Abed Shamz. He died within a few days after his return from Ethiopia. She was 65 years old, poor, and had no one to care for her. This was why Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) married her.
3. AISHA SIDDIQA: A woman named Kholeah Bint Hakeem suggested that Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) marry Aishah, the daughter of Aby Bakr, to form a close relationship with Aby Bakr’s family. She was already engaged to Jober Ibn Al Moteam Ibn Oday. At this time Jober was not yet a Muslim. The people of Makkah did not object to Aishah becoming married because although she was young, she was mature enough to understand the responsibility of marriage. Prophet Muhammad (bpuh) was engaged to Aishah for 2 years before he married her. Aby Bakr was the first leader after Prophet Muhammad’s (pbuh) death.
4. HAFSAH BINT U’MAR : She was the daughter of Omar, the second Calipha. Omar asked Othman to marry Hafsah. Othman refused because his wife had recently died and Othman did not want to remarry. Omar then went to Aby Bakr but he also refused to marry Hafsah. Aby Bakr knew that the Prophet had already considered marrying Hafsah. Omar then went to Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) and complained that Othman and Aby Bakr did not want to marry his daughter. The Prophet told Omar that his daughter will marry and Othman will also remarry. Othman married the daughter of Prophet Muhammad (pbuh), Om Kolthoom, and Hafsah married the Prophet. This made Omar and Othman both happy.
5. ZAYNAB BINT KHUZAYMA: Her husband died in the battle of Uhud, leaving her poor and with several children. She was old when Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) married her. She died 3 months after she married the Prophet 625 A.D.
6. SALAMA BINT UMAYYA: Her husband, Abud Allah Abud Al Assad Ibn Al Mogherah, died leaving Hend poor and with many children. Hend was at least 65 years old at the time. Aby Bakr and several others asked her to marry them, but because she loved her husband very much, she refused the marriage’s offers. But finally she accepted Prophet mohammad’s offer to marry her and take care of her children.
7. ZAYNAB BINT JAHSH: She was the daughter of Prophet Muhammad’s aunt, Omameh Bint Abud Almutaleb. The Prophet arranged for Zaynab to marry Zayed Ibn Hareathah Al Kalby. This marriage did not last and the Prophet received a verse in the Quran which stated that if they became divorced, then the Prophet must marry Zaynab (Sura 33:37).
8. JUWAYRIYA BINT AL-HARITH: Her first husband’s name was Masafeah Ibn Safuan. Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) wanted Juayreah’s tribe (Beni Al Mostalag)to convert to Islam. Juayreah became a prisoner after the Muslims won the Battle of Al Mostalaq. Juayreah’s father came to the Prophet and offered a payment for her return. The Prophet asked her father to give her a choice. When she was given a choice she said she accepted Islam and Prophet Muhammad as the last God’s Messenger. The Prophet then married her. Her tribe of Beni Almostalag accepted Islam.
9. SAFIYYA BINT HUYAYY: She was from the tribe of Beni Nadir, who were from the children of Levi (Israel). She was married twice before, then she married Prophet Muhammad (pbuh). Her first husband Salam Ibn Moshkem, and her second husband was Kenanah Ibn Al Rabeeah.
10. UMMU HABIBA BINT SUFYAN: Her first husband was Aubed Allah Jahish. He was the son of the aunt of Prophet Muhammad (pbuh). Aubed Allah died in Ethiopia. The king of Ethiopia arranged the marriage of Ramelah to Prophet Muhammad (pbuh).
11. MAYAMUNA BINT AL-HARITH : She was 26years old when she married Prophet Muhammad (pbuh). Her first husband was Abu Rahma Ibn Abed Alzey. When the Prophet opened Makkah in 630 AD , she came to the Prophet, accepted Islam and proposed to marry him. Her actions encouraged Many Makkahans to accept Islam and Prophet Muhammad (pbuh).
12. MARIA AL-QABTIYYA : She was sent to Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) as a hand maid servant from the king of Egypt. Maria had a son from the Prophet. His name was Ibrahim.
Monday 16 February 2009
4th Floor
2. Dalam semua ini terdapat banyak peluang untuk memperkayakan diri.
3. Sesungguhnya tidak ada yang lebih memuaskan nafsu daripada kuasa tanpa tanggungjawab.
4. Malangnya, jika benarlah Dato Seri Abdullah Ahmad Badawi letak jawatan pada bulan Mac maka segala-gala kuasa ini akan hilang. Ini adalah satu malapetaka bagi Tingkat Empat. Apakah nasib mereka selepas Mac? Apakah mereka akan berdiam diri dan membenar malapetaka ini timpa mereka dengan begitu sahaja? Tidak adakah sesuatu yang boleh dilakukan oleh mereka untuk menangkis musibah ini?
5. Seperti biasa, terdapat banyak berita angin akan perancangan mereka. Jika boleh, mereka akan halang peralihan kuasa, sekurang-kurangnya buat sekian lama.
6. Kata berita angin mereka sedang menasihat Dato Seri Abdullah supaya tidak letak jawatan apabila sahaja Dato Seri Najib Razak jadi Presiden parti. Kata mereka tidak semestinya Presiden parti jadi Perdana Menteri. Ini bukan syarat dalam perlembagaan negara. Ia hanya amalan parti tanpa peruntukan tertulis. Yang menentu segala-galanya ialah Perdana Menteri. Jikalau Perdana Menteri tidak letak jawatan itu haknya, sepertimana memilih menteri atau timbalan perdana menteri adalah haknya. Biasa terjadi yang dipilih menjadi Timbalan Perdana Menteri bukan Timbalan Presiden UMNO.
7. Apakah Najib akan memberontak? Tidak. Jika ia ternampak akan memberontak ada cara untuk melawannya. Jika dapat dicetuskan keadaan tertentu, seperti rusuhan atau huru-hara, ini boleh dijadikan alasan untuk Dato Seri Abdullah tidak letak jawatan. Ramai ahli UMNO dan ahli Majlis Tertinggi pasti akan sokong Dato Seri Abdullah. Mereka semua terhutang bukan sahaja budi kepadanya.
8. Mungkin ada antara ahli UMNO yang menentang kuat dan bercadang untuk mengadakan undi tidak percaya dalam parti atau dalam Parlimen. UMNO boleh ditangani melalui cara biasa. Jika terpaksa hilang berjuta pun tak mengapa kerana kuasa Tingkat Empat boleh menampung dengan punca-punca yang sudah ada. Apa gunanya wang jika kuasa untuk mendapatnya sudah hilang?
9. Jika ahli Parlimen pula bercadang untuk mengadakan undi tidak percaya dalam Parlimen, ini tidak mungkin berjaya. Sebahagian daripada ahli Parlimen BN mungkin tidak akan sokong tindakan ini. Ahli parti lawan memang hendak Dato Seri Abdullah terus jadi Perdana Menteri. Mereka telah pun menyatakan sokongan mereka. Hadi Awang, Karpal Singh dan Anwar Ibrahim telah menyatakannya secara terbuka.
10. Dengan sokongan ahli parti lawan kepada Dato Seri Abdullah, sukar bagi BN mendapat cukup bilangan untuk meluluskan undi tidak percaya.
11. Jika undi tidak percaya dalam Parlimen tidak berjaya, Abdullah akan jadi PM yang amat lemah, kerana memerlukan sokongan parti lawan untuk meluluskan sebarang undang-undang yang dibawa ke dewan rakyat.
12. Kita sudah lihat bagaimana kelemahan Kerajaan pimpinan Abdullah telah memberanikan semua pihak untuk membangkitkan berbagai kontroversi yang mengugat kestabilan Negara. Keadaan Negara akan hampir kepada tahap tidak ada Kerajaan dan tidak ada undang-undang apabila Kerajaan Abdullah menjadi lebih lemah.
13. Di masa yang sama Negara akan hadapi krisis kewangan dan ekonomi yang lebih teruk dari 1997-1998. Pentadbiran yang lemah tidak mungkin tangani kemerosotan ekonomi yang jauh lebih teruk dari 1997-98. Rakyat akan menderita kerana peningkatan pengangguran dan bankrap. Jenayah akan bertambah dan keselamatan negara akan tergugat.
14. Bagi Tingkat Empat huru-hara dalam Negara tidak mengapa asalkan mereka dapat kekal sebagai kuasa dibelakang Perdana Menteri.
15. Mungkin cerita-cerita berkenaan usaha Tingkat Empat untuk mengekalkan Abdullah sebagai Perdana Menteri selepas Najib jadi Presiden UMNO hanya rekaan orang-orang tertentu, wallahuwaalam. Demikian jugalah dengan Labu. Si-Luncai pun terjun dengan segala-galanya.
Source:www.chedet.co.cc
Thursday 12 February 2009
What Anwar had said
~"Pemimpim DAP, PAS dan Semangat 46 gila kuasa sehingga mereka sanggup memperdayakan rakyat untuk mencapai matlamat Politik mereka. Pemimpin seperti ini yang mudah berbohong, hanya berminat kepada kuasa & tidak mengendahkan kepentingan rakyat & negara."
~“Ia tiga serangkai berkhalwat; perkahwinan untuk keselesaan. Parti-parti ini tidak mempunyai objektif yang sama dan setiap satu mengikut agenda sendiri.”(Apakah bezanya dengan Pakatan Rakyat.)
~"Rakyat harus menolak PAS kerana ia gagal untuk menjaga kebajikan orang Islam di negara ini. Ketidakjujuran perjuangan PAS terbukti daripada kerjasamanya dengan DAP untuk menafikan masa depan yang lebih cerah bagi orang Melayu".
Apakah pandangannya terhadap DAP dan Pas pada amnya?
Dalam mesejnya kepada pengundi pada 1995, Anwar berkata:
~“Parti-parti pembangkang mencetuskan sentimen perkauman untuk mengganggu keharmonian. Pas dan Semangat 46 menimbulkan sentimen perkauman di kalangan orang Melayu manakala sekutu mereka, DAP dalam usaha memancing undi masyarakat Cina, cuba untuk mencetuskan kebencian terhadap kerajaan dan orang Melayu. Kita tidak sepatutnya membenarkan diri kita diperalatkan oleh parti-parti pembangkang.”
(Anwar sedang diperalatkan oleh DAP untuk mencapai matlamat 'Malaysian Malaysia'nya untuk menghapuskan Dasar Keistimewaan Melayu.)Dan bagaimana pula dengan sekutunya sekarang, Lim Kit Siang dari DAP? “Kita tidak akan bertolak ansur dengan DAP, yang memainkan sentimen perkauman. Saya memberi amaran kepada Kit Siang agar jangan bermain api kerana orang Melayu tidak bodoh dan kesabaran mereka ada hadnya."
Apa kata Anwar Ibrahim terhadap Kerajaan BN:
~"Rakyat harus menggunakan rekod cemerlang Kerajaan BN untuk mengukur sejauhmana kecekapan Kerajaan BN mentadbir negara. Tidak seperti pembangkang yang suka membuat janji kosong, Negara di bawah BN, dihormati diseluruh dunia. Kita tidak seharusnya menjadi warganegara yang tidak bersyukur seperti PEMBANGKANG".